LÝ THUYẾT NGỮ PHÁP

GRAMMAR NOTES

1/ Adverb clauses of reason (as, because, since)

S + V + because/ as/ since + S + V

Main clause

adv clause of reason

Ex: We watch TV all evening as we had nothing better to do.

Since you won’t help me, I must do the job myself.

2/ Adj. + that clause (is often used after some adjectives: pleased, sad, excited, disappointed,

delighted, glad, afraid, sorry, relieved, worried, surprised, amazed, happy, thankful, certain,

sure… and in the structure: It’s + adj. + that-clause)

Ex: We’re surprised that he failed the exam.

I’m pleased that you are working hard.

It’s important that everybody should feel comfortable.

3/ Conditional sentence : type 1

If clause

Main clause

Verb in present tense

will + bare- infinitive

Ex: If it doesn’t rain, we’ll have a picnic.

I’ll phone you if I hear the news.

If you jog regularly, you may lose weight.

You feel cold if the sun doesn’t shine.

Conditional sentence : type 2

If clause

Main clause

Past subjunctive (S + V2/V-ed)

S + would/ should/ could + bare- infinitive

Ex: If he were here right now, he would help us.

If I had lots of money, I would travel around the world.

I’d tell you the answer if I knew what it was.

If I were you, I would accept their invitation.

4/ Connectives

*and is used to add a similar or another idea.

(Alice is kind and generous.)

*but, however are used to add an opposite idea.

I learnt French easily, but I didn’t like my teacher.

I learnt French easily. However, I didn’t like my teacher.

*because is used to give a cause (reason).

We stopped playing tennis because it started to rain.

*so, therefore are used to give an effect.

It started to rain, so we stopped playing tennis.

It started to rain. Therefore, we stopped playing tennis.

*or is used to introduce another possibility.

In my spare time, I enjoy reading novels or watching TV.